Local environmental effects on cosmic ray observations at Syowa Station in the Antarctic: PARMA-based snow cover correction for neutrons and machine learning approach for neutrons and muons
Ryuho Kataoka (1,2,3), Tatsuhiko Sato (4), Chihiro Kato (5), Akira
Kadokura (6,1,2), Masayoshi Kozai (6), Shoko Miyake (7), Kiyoka Murase (2),
Lihito Yoshida (2), and Yoshihiro Tomikawa (1,2), and Kazuoki Munakata (5)
(1) National Institute of Polar Research, Japan
(2) The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Japan
(3) Okinawa Institute of Science Technology Graduate University, Japan
(4) Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
(5) Shinshu University, Japan
(6) Polar Environment Data Science Center, Joint Support-Center for Data
Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Japan
(7) National Institute of Technology (KOSEN) Ibaraki College, Japan
We would like to briefly introduce our paper submitted to the Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate: Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays around the solar minimum in 2019-2020 looks different in the secondary neutrons and muons observed at the ground. To compare the solar modulation of primary cosmic rays in detail, we must remove the possible seasonal variations caused by the atmosphere and surrounding environment. As such surrounding environment effects, we evaluate the snow cover effect on neutron count rate and the atmospheric temperature effect on muon count rate, both simultaneously observed at Syowa Station in the Antarctic (69.01 S, 39.59 E). A machine learning technique, Echo State Network (ESN), is applied to estimate both effects hidden in the observed time series of the count rate. We show that the ESN with the input of GDAS data (temperature time series at 925, 850, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 250 200, 150, 100, 70, 50, 30, and 20 hPa) at the closet position can be useful for both the temperature correction for muons and snow cover correction for neutrons. The corrected muon count rate starts decreasing in late 2019, earlier than the corrected neutron count rate, which starts decreasing in early 2020, possibly indicating the rigidity-dependent solar modulation in the heliosphere.
Short Oral